Chordata
Chordata is probably the most complex phylum type. They show bilateral symmetry, which means that the organism is divided up into identical halves. Think of how one half of your body is a mirror image of the other. Next, the body and muscles are clearly segmented, as well as there being a well developed body cavity. All chordates have a notochord either at one point of their development. A notochord is a long rod of cartilage that extends along the body of the organism. In humans this develops into the disks in our spinal chord and many fish use it to swim with their tail. There is also a neural chord in some point of development. In fish and vertebrates this becomes the spinal chord. Also, at some point of development there are pharyngeal slits which are located at the throat. They disappear in development for most animals however they become gills for fish and a key component of a filter-feeding system that some chordata have. All chordates have a tail behind their anus at some point of their development. For example, humans have a small tail during fetal development and other animals have them all their lives like dogs. Finally, all chordates have an endostyle, which is a groove in the throat which makes mucus so filter feeders could capture food. It is thought that this evolved into the thyroid in other organisms.
Mammals and amphibians
Most mammals and amphibians share the same type of method for excreting wastes. First, blood passes through the kidneys where it is purified. The remaining toxins remain in the kidneys in the form of urine. This urine is then sent through the ureters to the bladder. When the bladder fills it forces the urine out and it is excreted from the body.
The digestive system also produces wastes. The leftover remains of the food eventually reach the colon in the form of feces. Eventually, when the colon fills the feces are excreted through the rectum.
The digestive system also produces wastes. The leftover remains of the food eventually reach the colon in the form of feces. Eventually, when the colon fills the feces are excreted through the rectum.
Birds and reptiles
Birds and reptiles are a bit different on how they excrete wastes. They both have kidneys but the waste product is uric acid and it doesn't go to a bladder. Instead it is sent straight to the digestive system and is excreted with the feces through the anus.
Fish
Because fish live in an environment that is water they don't need to worry about water loss. Thus, they just excrete their wastes in the form of ammonia. Because ammonia is so toxic fish have to water it down, but this is not a problem because they have all the water they need.
Examples of chordates
One example of chordates are sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Whales have the typical mammal excretory system. An interesting thing about whales is that because they like in salt water their kidneys filter a lot of salt from the blood. Thus, whales excrete extremely salty urine.
Another example of a chordate is an anaconda(Eunectes murinus). Snakes don't have bladders so they make uric acid that is excreted through the anus.
One more kind of chordate are bull frogs (Rana catesbeiana). Frogs are not too different from people when it comes to their excretory systems. Their kidneys make urine and the digestive system ultimately produces feces.